The Karbi Anglong District is situated in the central part of Assam, bounded by  the state of Nagaland and Golaghat district in east, Hojai district in  the west, Golaghat and Nagaon district in the north and Dima Hasao district and Nagaland in the south. The district with dense tropical forest covered hills and flat plains is situated between 25⁰ 33’ – 26⁰ 35’ North Latitude and 92⁰ 10’- 93⁰ 50’ East Longitudes.

INTRODUCTION :

                            The people of Assam saw the birth of a new district i.e. the United Mikir and North Cachar Hills District on the 17th November’1951. The new district was formally created on the aforesaid date vide Govt. notification No. TAD/R.31/50/201 Dtd. the 3rd November'1951 with some parts of the districts  of Sivasagar (now Golaghat), Nagaon,Cachar and United Khasi and Jayantia Hills district of present Meghalaya for all round development of the tribal folk of the Central Assam. This was followed by bifurcation of the erstwhile district of United Mikir and North Cachar Hills district into two separate districts under banner as "Mikir Hills" and North Cachar Hills district in the year 1970. The Mikir Hill district was again rechristened as "Karbi Anglong District" w.e.f the 14th October'1976 vide Govt. Notification No. TAD/R/115/74/47 Dtd. 14-10-1976. Thus Karbi Anglong came into being as a full-fledged separate district in the map of Assam with its Head quarters at Diphu. The district enjoys autonomy under the provision of Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. It is the largest district of Assam.

Separation of Hamren Civil Sub-division: The West Karbi Anglong district is a new district formed out of the Hamren(civil) sub-divisions of the Karbi Anglong district of Assam in 2016 with "Hamren" as its headquarters. The district is a part of “Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council”.

CLIMATE :

Due to variation in the topography, this hill zone experiences different climates in different parts. The winter commences from October and continues till February. During summer, the atmosphere becomes sultry. The temperature ranges from 6 degree to 12 degree in winter and 23 degree to 32 degree Celsius in summer. The average rainfall is about 2416 mm.

POPULATION PATTERN :

The population of the district is predominantly tribal. The major tribal ethnic groups of this district are Karbis, Bodos, Kukis, Dimasas, Hmars, Garos, Rengma Nagas, Tiwas, Man(Tai Speaking). Besides, a large number of non-tribals also live together in this hill region.                                  

GEOGRAPHY :

A ) RIVERS:

There are numerous rivers and tributaries in the district. Among these, the most important are as named below :-

B) FORESTS.:

The forest area covered is about 4,922.019 sq. km with 14 State R.F. and 17 District Council R.F. in the district.

C) HIGHEST MOUNTAIN PEAK :

Even though, the district is dotted with hills, a few of which can be categorized into Mountain. Among them, the highest is the Singhason Peak which is at about 1360 metres above the sea level.

D) NATURAL RESOURCES :

MINERALS : The different kinds of minerals found in this hill district which are as below :-

1. Lime stone :- Found in the Dillai and Sainilangso area.
2. China-clay :- Found in Upper Deopani and Silonijan area.
3. Feldspar:- Found in Koilajan area.
4. Coal :- Found in Koilajan and Silbheta area.

AGRICULTURE :

The district is basically an agricultural district. Different types of agricultural crops are cultivated among which paddy is the main crop. Except for the valleys, the people follow the jhum system of cultivation.

ROADS AND COMMUNICATION :

The district is well connected with other districts through various routes. On the north it is covered by NH-36 and on the east by NH-39. The internal routes are covered by the P.W.D.

Road distance from Guwahati to Diphu (via NH37 and 36) : 259 KM

Road distance from Dimapur to Diphu (via NH 36): 55 KM

RAILWAYS :

The N.F. Railways passes through the district touching only a few points along the boundary. They are Borlangphar, Langsoliet, Nilalung, Diphu, Doldoloi, Dhansiri, Rongapahar, Khotkhoti and Bokajan.

Railway distance from Guwahati to Diphu: 213 Km

Railway distance from Dimapur to Diphu: 38 Km

AIRPORTS:

There is no airport in the district. The nearest airport is in Dimapur which is 61.2 km away from Diphu.

INDUSTRIES:

Although the district is abundant in raw materials only a few industries have come up. They are as shown below :-

A.  1.Bokajan Cement Plant ; 2. Karbi Chemical Mini Cement Plant ( under construction)

B. Food Processing: Assam Hills Small Industries Development Corporation (KANCH)

C.  AGRO-BASE :- 1. Rubber Plantation Industry ; 2. Citronella Plantation Industry ;

D. TEA GARDEN :- There are a total of 15 (fifteen) numbers of Tea Gardens in the district which are :

Lengree T.E, Bokajan T.E, Lahorijan & Nirmal Kumar T.E, Ramanagar T.E, Deopani T.E, Dhansiri T.E, Banspaty T.E, Barpathar T.E, Bhagawati T.E, Numburnadi T.E, Silonijan T.E, Rangsali T.E, New Rangsali T.E, Green Valley T.E, Sobaneswari T.E